Gynecomastia is a medical condition in which male breast tissue becomes enlarged, often resulting in the appearance of “male breasts.” It can affect one or both sides of the chest and is not related to body fat — it’s caused by an imbalance of hormones, specifically too much estrogen or not enough testosterone.
What Causes Gynecomastia?
Hormonal changes (puberty, aging)
Medications (steroids, anti-androgens, some antidepressants)
Health conditions (liver or kidney disease, thyroid issues)
Substance use (alcohol, marijuana, anabolic steroids)
Obesity (can increase estrogen levels and cause fat-related pseudo-gynecomastia)
Gynecomastia vs. Pseudogynecomastia
Feature Gynecomastia Pseudogynecomastia
Cause Hormonal imbalance Fat accumulation
Tissue type Glandular breast tissue Fat tissue
Can feel a firm lump? ✅ Yes ❌ No (usually soft, fatty)
Weight loss helps? ❌ Not always ✅ Often improves
⚕️ Symptoms
Swollen breast gland tissue
Tenderness or pain in the area
Asymmetry (one side may be larger)
Emotional distress or self-consciousness
️ Treatment Options
Non-Surgical
Treat the underlying cause (e.g., change medications, address hormone issues)
Observation (especially in teens — often resolves in 6–24 months)
Hormone therapy (in rare cases)
Surgical
Liposuction: Removes excess fat
Excision surgery: Removes glandular tissue
Often a combination of both for best results
Performed under local or general anesthesia
Recovery After Surgery
Light activity in a few days
Compression garment recommended for 2–4 weeks
Return to full activity in 4–6 weeks
Results are typically permanent, especially if underlying causes are managed
Good Candidates for Surgery
Persistent gynecomastia that doesn’t resolve on its own
Discomfort or emotional impact
Stable weight and overall good health
